“The Lord’s confidence that the ‘gates of hades’ will not prevail against His church (Matt 16:18) is illuminated by other Jewish literature using the same expression, usually as a synonym for death itself. [27— The possible exception is Pss. Sol. 16:1–2, which associates the ‘gates of hades’ with sinners. Even there, however, the phrase denotes death. But see Job 38:17; Isa 38:18; 3 Macc 5:51; Wis 16:13.] Sheol’s gates are no longer one-directional, its fortress no longer impregnable, for Jesus has come in the power of God’s kingdom to destroy death’s hold—if he has to carry off the gates like Samson! In quoting Hosea 13:14, Paul substitutes ‘death’ for ‘hades/sheol’ (1 Cor 15:55), indicating the close relationship between the two. Jesus went to hades like all the dead, but unlike others he broke out in victory (Acts 2:27, 31). He now holds the keys to ‘death and hades’ (Rev 1:18). Both will yield their dead when he comes again to judge, then will be cast into the ‘lake of fire’ and be no more (Rev 20:13–15). It is in keeping with the historical nature of biblical religion that the New Testament speaks this way of hades—not theoretically or systematically, but in terms of what has really happened in the case of Jesus Christ. We should not build a whole doctrine, therefore, on a single use of a word, even if it were not located in a parable on a different subject.” (The Fire That Consumes by Edward Fudge)
Click link to the next study in my sequential chapter study through the Gospel of Matthew. https://www.mymorningmanna.com/post/matthew-17
"'And I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.' (19) “It is easily proven that the Lord did not mean to single out Peter and give to him a work distinct from the other disciples, nor did he give him a peculiar place or one of supremacy. The Lord adds immediately after the declaration that He will give to him the keys of the Kingdom of the heavens -- “and whatsoever thou mayest bind on earth shall be bound in heaven, etc.” Now, if we turn to the eighteenth chapter of this Gospel (Matthew 16:18) we find that the Lord repeats this very commission and He addresses it no longer to Peter but to the whole company of disciples. But what are the keys? The answer is, knowledge (teaching and preaching) and baptizing. 'Go ye therefore and disciple all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost' (28:19). These are the doors of entering into the professing sphere of Christendom, that is the Kingdom of the heavens. These keys are still used. The binding and loosing refers only to discipline on the earth.” (Arno Gaebelein)
“Then He commanded His disciples that they should tell no one that He was Jesus the Christ.” (20) Before He is cut off, He must first go to the Jews. Then the disciples will go, completing the prophetic week.“From that time Jesus began to show to His disciples that He must go to Jerusalem, and suffer many things from the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and be raised the third day. Then Peter took Him aside and began to rebuke Him, saying, ‘Far be it from You, Lord; this shall not happen to You!’ "The Old Testament prophets spoke of ‘the sufferings of Christ’ and ‘the glories that would follow’ (1 Pet 1:11), a point Jesus Himself made more than once (Matt 16:21; Luke 18:31–33; 24:25–27, 44–48; John 17:1–5). Yet what is this suffering and this glory if not the eschatological judgment of God—seen both as divine vengeance on sin and the vindication and exaltation of righteousness?” (The Fire That Consumes by Edward Fudge)—
“’But He turned and said to Peter, ‘Get behind Me, Satan! You are an offense to Me, for you are not mindful of the things of God, but the things of men.’” (21-23) Thus we must conclude that Christ not Peter is the Rock of Ages. And it was needful that Jesus finish His ministry to the Jews only and die for the sins of the world and be raised in the third day, according to the Scriptures, that is the sign of Jonah. (16:5)
“Then Jesus said to His disciples, ‘If anyone desires to come after Me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow Me. For whoever desires to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for My sake will find it. For what profit is it to a man if he gains the whole world, and loses his own soul?’ (24-25) Jesus used psychē (soul) in the holistic Hebraic sense, not in the dualistic sense of Greek philosophy (perpetuated still in much pietism and revivalism)…” (Edward Fudge), that is in the sense of "life." “Or what will a man give in exchange for his soul?” (26) "On what authority many have translated the word ψυχη, in the 25th verse, life, and in this verse, soul, I know not, but am certain it means life in both places.“ (Adam Clarke) “The ‘reward’ for spurning Christ is to lose one’s life.” (Rescue from Death by Robert Taylor) “The same aphorism occurs in St. Luke, chap. 9:25, with this variation: ‘For what is a man advantaged, if he gain the whole world and lose himself, or be cast away’.” (Future Punishment: As Expressed In The NT by Edward White)
“For the son of man will come in the glory of His Father with His angels, and then He will reward each according to his works.’ (27) “This seems to refer to Daniel 7:13, Daniel 7:14. ’Behold, one like the Son of man came - to the ancient of Days - and there was given Him dominion, and glory, and a kingdom, that all people, and nations, and languages should serve Him’” (Clarke) God will judge the living and the dead—according to their deeds. (Ps. 62:12; cp. Rom. 1:6-12) “Assuredly, I say to you, there are some standing here who shall not taste death till they see the Son of Man coming in His kingdom.” (28) These words are “very clear if we read at once the first part of the seventeenth chapter, where we find six days after the Lord and three of His disciples on the Mount of Transfiguration. What the disciples beheld there was the type of His glorious second coming as Son of Man in His Kingdom.” (Arno Gaebelein)
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